A Review of the Pathogenesis, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Indicators of the novel condition Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia

Authors

Ada Fleming, Munster Technological UniversityFollow

Abstract

The introduction of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection was a welcome and significant event in the COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccine administration was for the most part successful, it did come with the emergence of a novel condition, Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT). This condition presents after the administration of adenoviral vector-based vaccines against COVID-19, causing thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in affected individuals. There have been 10 suspected cases of VITT in Ireland. While its mechanism is not fully understood, the condition is characterised by the presence of Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) antibodies. There are several laboratory indicators which may suggest that a patient has developed VITT, but confirmatory diagnosis requires anti-PF4 ELISA and PF4 Activation Assays. Thrombocytopenia often precedes thrombosis in VITT, so early treatment can aid in preventing the more serious implications of the condition from developing. Early recognition and clear guidelines for diagnosis are imperative in the treatment of VITT.

Recommended Citation

Fleming, Ada (2022) "A Review of the Pathogenesis, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Indicators of the novel condition Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia," International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences: Vol. 2: Iss. 1, Article 2.
Available at: https://sword.cit.ie/iujhs/vol2/iss1/2